Coffee Consumption among Adults in the United States by Demographic Variables and Purchase Location: Analyses of NHANES 2011-2016 Data.

Coffee, obtained from various sources, is consumed by most United States adults. The present analyses of one and two 24-h dietary recalls for 14,865 persons aged ≥20 years in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2016) aimed to identify socio-demographic predictors of coffee consumption and to examine whether coffee purchase locations differed by population sub-group. Given the emphasis on food and beverage consumption patterns, the relation between coffee consumption and compliance with the Dietary Guidelines of Americans was also examined. Coffee was consumed by 59% of the sample (n = 8551). Survey-adjusted mean intake among consumers was 544.7 g/day. Percent consumers and mean amounts consumed were highest among adults aged 51-70 years (p < 0.001), higher income groups (p < 0.001), and non-Hispanic Whites (p < 0.001). About 74% of coffee consumers obtained their coffee from stores, 9.8% from fast food restaurants, 4.3% from convenience stores, and 4.2% from someone else. Coffee source locations also varied by age, education, income, and race/ethnicity. Coffee consumers had significantly higher Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) and higher Nutrient-Rich Foods (NRF9.3) scores in energy-adjusted models and significantly higher HEI 2015 scores in multivariable models. In multivariable models, coffee consumers had diets with less added sugar (p < 0.001) but slightly more fat (of all types, including monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), saturated and solid fats), cholesterol, and alcohol. Their diets had more potassium and magnesium (p < 0.001) but less vitamin C (p < 0.001). Mean caffeine consumption was 233 mg/day for consumers and 72.3 mg/day for non-consumers. Coffee consumption patterns in the US vary across socio-demographic groups.

A predictive spatial model for roasted coffee using oxygen isotopes of α-cellulose.

RATIONALE: Fraudulent region-of-origin labeling is a concern for high-value, globally traded commodities such as coffee. The oxygen isotope ratio of cellulose is a useful geographic tracer, as it integrates climate and source water signals. A predictive spatial model ("isoscape") of the δ18 O values of coffee bean cellulose is generated to evaluate coffee region-of-origin claims. METHODS: The oxygen isotope ratio of α-cellulose extracted from roasted coffee beans was measured via high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TC-EA/IRMS) and used to calculate the δ18 O value of coffee bean water. The 18 O enrichment of coffee bean water relative to the δ18 O value of local precipitation was modeled as a function of local temperature and humidity. This function was incorporated into a mechanistic model of cellulose δ18 O values to predict the δ18 O values of coffee bean cellulose across coffee-producing regions globally. RESULTS: The δ18 O values of analyzed coffee bean cellulose ranged from approximately +22‰ to +42‰ (V-SMOW). As expected, coffees grown in the same region tended to have similar isotope ratios, and the δ18 O value of coffee bean cellulose was generally higher than the δ18 O value of modeled stem cellulose for the region. Modeled δ18 O values of coffee cellulose were within ±2.3‰ of the measured δ18 O value of coffee cellulose. CONCLUSIONS: The oxygen isotope ratio of coffee bean cellulose is a useful indicator of region-of-origin and varies predictably in response to climatic factors and precipitation isotope ratios. The isoscape of coffee bean cellulose δ18 O values from this study provides a quantitative tool that can be applied to region-of-origin verification of roasted coffee at the point-of-sale.

El fenómeno del cliente leal como una relación social: un estudio con vendedores ambulantes de café en la ciudad de Ibagué / Loyal customer phenomenon as a social relationship: a study with ambulant coffee salesmen in the city of Ibagué

Ambulante de Café (VAC) y su cliente leal, considerando las categorías de análisis propuestas por la Teoría de las Relaciones Sociales de Michael Argyle. Se aplicó una entrevista sobre la relación VAC-cliente leal a 30 díadas y se registraron 183 interacciones VAC-cliente leal y 117 VAC cliente esporádico. Se encontró que la relación comercial entre un VAC y su cliente leal es una relación social en tanto que evidencia los elementos constitutivos de una relación de esta naturaleza, bajo la perspectiva de Argyle. Así mismo, se observan coincidencias en las afirmaciones que sobre la interacción hacen los actores de la misma. Adicionalmente, se evidenció que el comportamiento del VAC es distinto en función del tipo de cliente al cual se dirige -leal o esporádico-.

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship established between an ambulant coffee salesman (ACSM) and his loyal client, in theframe of Michael Argyle’s social relationships model. Thirty couples wereinterviewed about the ACSM and loyal clients relationship; also interactionsamong 183 ACSM – loyal clients and 117 ACSM – sporadic clients wereregistered. Our research found that the commercial relationship between anACSM and his/her loyal client is a social relationship, taking into account that it brought evidence about the constitutive elements of a relationship of this nature under Argyle’s perspective; and coincidences were observed in the declarations that the actors of the relationship made about it. Additionally,we found that the ACSM’s behavior is different depending on the type of client that he/she is attending –loyal or sporadic–.

Heavy coffee drinking and the risk of suicide.

Earlier research has implicated coffee drinking as a possible protective factor for suicide. We followed-up 43,166 subjects for the mean 14.6 years, and 213 suicides were committed. Daily coffee drinking had a J-shaped association with the risk of suicide. Using the Cox model we controlled for potential covariates, and found that among heavy coffee drinkers (> or = 8 cups/day) the risk of suicide was 58% higher compared with more moderate drinkers.

Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on serum lipoproteins. A 12-week double-blind trial.

Reports on the association between caffeine intake and serum cholesterol are inconsistent. In 1988, the authors examined the effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on serum lipids in 45 healthy volunteers from the general population living in or near Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Twenty-three women and 22 men aged 25-45 years with a habitual intake of 4-6 cups of regular coffee per day participated in a randomized double-blind crossover trial. They received five cups of regular coffee each day for a period of 6 weeks and five cups of decaffeinated coffee for the next 6 weeks, or vice versa. The background diet was kept constant and was low in caffeine. Differences between the effects of decaffeinated and regular coffee on blood lipids were essentially zero; the effect on serum total cholesterol (+/- standard deviation) was 0.01 (+/- 0.36) mmol/liter (0 +/- 14 mg/dl), that on high density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.01 (+/- 0.11) mmol/liter (0 +/- 4 mg/dl), and that on triglycerides was 0.03 (+/- 0.29) mmol/liter (3 +/- 26 mg/dl). It was concluded that, in healthy adults, replacement of regular coffee by decaffeinated coffee has no effect on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins.